UTI testing

Urinary Tract Infection

UTIs (Urinary tract infections ) occur when bacteria, often Escherichia coli (E. coli), enter the urethra (this is the tube that carries urine out of the body) and multiply within the urinary system. Depending on where the infection occurs, UTIs can be classified as:

  • Cystitis (bladder infection)
  • Urethritis (Urethra infection)
  • Pyelonephritis (Kidney infection)

While some UTIs resolve on their own with increased fluid intake and pain relief, others can escalate rapidly and spread from the lower to the upper urinary tract, potentially causing serious complications in the kidneys.

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Who is at risk of getting a UTI?

Urinary tract infections can affect both males and females, but they are significantly more common in women. This is due to a shorter urethra, making it easier for bacteria to enter into the urinary system. Additionally, the female urethra is closer to the rectum, a common source of E. coli.

Statistics show that over 50% of women will experience at least one UTI in their lifetime, and 20–30% of these women will have a reoccurrence of the infection.

Risk factors that increase the likelihood of UTI

  • Pregnancy
  • Diabetes mellitus
  • Spinal cord injuries
  • Kidney disease
  • Older age

UTI symptoms

Symptoms can vary depending on the individual and the location of the infection but often include:

  • Cloudy, blood-tinged, or bad-smelling urine
  • A persistent feeling of bladder fullness
  • Urgent and frequent need to urinate, commonly in small amounts
  • Abdominal discomfort or cramping
  • Pain, burning, or stinging when urinating
  • Fatigue or confusion

If the infection progresses to the kidneys, symptoms may also include:

  • Lower back pain or pressure
  • Fever, chills, or shaking
  • Pain around the middle or lower back, near the kidneys
  • Vomiting and nausea

UTIs diagnosing

Diagnosing UTIs typically involves consulting with a healthcare professional. A GP may recommend treatment immediately based on your symptoms and medical history. However, for more clarity or in case of recurrent UTIs, you may be asked to provide a urine sample to be analysed further.

UTIs treatment

UTIs are often effectively treated with antibiotics or over-the-counter medications. The duration and type of treatment depend on the severity of the infection and any underlying health conditions:

  • Complicated UTIs, associated with conditions like pregnancy, kidney disease, or diabetes, may require longer courses of antibiotics or specialist care.
  • Uncomplicated UTIs in otherwise healthy individuals can often resolve within 2–3 days of treatment.

If you experience frequent UTIs (three or more within 12 months), you may need additional investigations or an extended course of antibiotics. After your consultation, a healthcare professional will help you find the right treatment.

Steps to prevent urinary tract infections

For those prone to UTIs, adopting preventative measures can reduce the risk of recurrence:

  • Urinate before and after sexual activity: This helps flush out bacteria that may enter the urethra during intercourse.
  • Stay hydrated: Drink at least 6–8 glasses of water daily to flush out bacteria.
  • Wear breathable clothing: Opt for loose-fitting clothes and cotton underwear to prevent moisture build-up, which can encourage bacterial growth.
  • Avoid holding in urine: Empty your bladder fully and promptly when you feel the need to urinate.
  • Practice proper hygiene: Wipe from the front to the back to reduce the risk of transferring bacteria from your rectal area to the urinary tract.
  • Avoid scented products: Perfumed washes, douches, and sprays can irritate sensitive areas, increasing your risk of infection.
  • Choose showers over baths: Prolonged baths may allow bacteria to travel into the urinary tract. If you prefer baths, limit the time to 30 minutes and shower beforehand.

Managing urinary tract infection symptoms

If you suspect that you have a urinary tract infection, the following are measures to put yourself at ease while awaiting treatment.

  • A hot water bottle should be placed on your abdomen, lower back, or between your legs to relieve discomfort.
  • Over-the-counter medications designed to ease symptoms of cystitis may offer temporary relief.

Schedule an appointment

If you are experiencing symptoms of UTI, it is crucial to consult a healthcare professional for an accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment. Contact Health Screening Clinic today to book an appointment for a UTI test.

By addressing UTIs promptly and adopting preventative strategies, most people can manage or significantly reduce the occurrence of these infections.

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