Vitamin B12 and Folate Blood Test

Why are vitamin B12 and folate so important?

Vitamin B12 and folate are essential for a variety of critical functions in the body, including:

• DNA synthesis
• Energy production and metabolism
• Red blood cell formation
• Proper neurological function

When levels of these vitamins are low, the body may produce abnormally large red blood cells that are unable to transport oxygen efficiently. This condition, known as iron-deficiency anaemia, has symptoms including:

• Mouth ulcers
• Vision disturbances
• Depression and cognitive impairment
• Persistent fatigue
• Pins and needles (paraesthesia)
• Muscle weakness

Who is at risk of being vitamin B12 and folate deficient?

Certain groups are more vulnerable to developing deficiencies in vitamin B12 and folate:

• Vegetarians and Vegans: Since B12 is primarily found in animal-based products, following plant-based diets are at higher risk unless they consume fortified foods or individual supplements.
• Chronic Alcohol Use: Alcohol consumption can reduce dietary intake, impair absorption, and increase vitamin excretion.
• Pregnant Women: Increased folate is essential during pregnancy to prevent neural tube defects, while B12 deficiency can affect maternal and foetal health.
• Gastrointestinal Disorders or Surgeries: Conditions such as Crohn's disease, coeliac disease, or surgeries affecting the stomach or small intestine can impair vitamin absorption.
• Critical Adults: Age-related decline in stomach acid production can reduce B12 absorption, increasing the risk of deficiency.
• Medications: Certain drugs, such as proton pump inhibitors or metformin, can interfere with the body's ability to absorb vitamin B12.

To maintain healthy levels of vitamin B12 and folate, consider the following steps:

• Eat Folate-Rich Foods: Leafy greens like spinach and kale, beans, lentils, nuts, seeds, and citrus fruits such as oranges and lemons.
• Include Organ Meats: Liver and other organ meats are particularly rich in vitamin B12 and can significantly boost nutritional value.
• Schedule Routine Health Checks: Regular blood tests are key to detecting vitamin deficiencies early, ensuring timely intervention and preventing long-term health issues.
• Opt for Supplements: If dietary intake is insufficient, supplements can help maintain optimal levels of both vitamins.
• Consume Fortified Foods: Many plant-based alternatives (such as soy, almond, and oat milk) are fortified with B12 and folate. Always check food labels for added vitamins. 
• Incorporate B12-Rich Foods: Animal products such as beef, pork, chicken, turkey, fish (salmon, trout, tuna), shellfish (clams, shrimp), dairy products (milk, cheese, yoghurt), and eggs.
• Address Stomach Acid Issues: Adequate stomach acid is essential for B12 absorption. If you suspect low stomach acid production, consult a healthcare professional.